Data
The numbers behind climate change are open: anyone can look at them, graph them and check them. This page collects ways to explore that data. They aren't models: they show you what has been measured and calculated, and let you look for yourself.
Data browsers on this site
Each uses open data, and each goes with a chapter of the book.
- The Way Back Down: eight climate models raised CO₂ to four times its 1850 level, then lowered it the same way. At the same CO₂, the world is warmer on the way down than on the way up. Goes with Chapter 9.
Elsewhere on the web
Free tools from the agencies and groups that collect and assess the data.
IPCC
- Interactive AtlasMaps and graphs of past and projected climate for any region of the world, from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report.
Our World in Data
- CO₂ and greenhouse gas emissionsEmissions by country, by person and by fuel, back to 1750, in charts you can change and download.
- EnergyWhere each country's energy comes from, and how fast that is changing.
- Climate changeTemperature, sea level, sea ice and ice sheets, in one place.
- Kaya identity: drivers of CO₂ emissionsEmissions split into four parts: population, income per person, energy used per dollar of income, and CO₂ per unit of energy. See how each has changed, country by country.
NASA
- GISS Surface Temperature AnalysisNASA's record of global temperature since 1880, with maps of where it has warmed.
- WorldviewSatellite images of the whole Earth, day by day: fires, smoke, storms, ice and dust.
- Scientific Visualization StudioNASA's animations and visualizations of Earth science data.
NOAA
- Trends in CO₂Carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa and around the world, updated every month.
- Climate at a GlanceTemperature and precipitation records for a city, county, state, the United States or the globe.
- Sea Level Rise ViewerMaps of what higher seas and coastal flooding would cover along U.S. coasts.
Copernicus
- Climate PulseToday's global air and sea surface temperatures, compared with every year since 1940.
- Interactive Climate AtlasMaps of observed and projected climate change, from Europe's climate service.
- Climate Data StoreFree downloads of climate observations, reanalyses and projections.
More
- Climate ReanalyzerDaily maps and charts of the world's weather and climate, from the University of Maine.
- Global Carbon AtlasCarbon emissions and natural sinks by country, from the Global Carbon Project.
- Berkeley EarthAn independent record of temperature on land and sea.
- EmberOpen data on electricity: how each country makes it, and its emissions.
- CharcticArctic and Antarctic sea ice, day by day, year against year, from the National Snow and Ice Data Center.
- En-ROADSA simulator from Climate Interactive: choose energy policies and see the warming that follows.
- Social Cost of Carbon ExplorerHow the open-source GIVE model from Resources for the Future puts a dollar value on the harm done by one more ton of CO₂, and which choices change that number.
- The CDR gapHow much carbon dioxide removal countries plan, compared with how much the Paris goals would need, from the State of Carbon Dioxide Removal report (University of Oxford).
The data in the models
- Milankovitch Cycles: Earth's orbit over the last 5 million years, from the orbital calculations of Laskar et al. (2004), doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
- Earthlight Seen from Space: infrared spectra calculated with the ARTS radiative transfer model (Buehler et al., 2025, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109443).
- A Day on the Moon: no data file. Its two numbers for the Moon's crushed rock follow Vasavada et al. (2012), doi:10.1029/2011JE003987, and Hayne et al. (2017), doi:10.1002/2017JE005387.
- Panes of Glass and Leaky and Stirred: no data file. The Sunlight reaching the Earth follows Kopp and Lean (2011), doi:10.1029/2010GL045777.
- The Push and the Response: climate forcing since 1750 from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (Smith et al., 2021, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5211358), and measured global temperature from HadCRUT5 (Morice et al., 2021, doi:10.1029/2019JD032361).
- A Few Degrees: daily highs and lows at 114 weather stations from NOAA's GHCN-Daily (Menne et al., 2012, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1), HadCRUT5, and the data behind the IPCC's projections of hot days (doi:10.5285/2787230b963942009e452255a3880609).
The data in the book
When the book comes out, this page will list every graph and map in it, with the data it was drawn from, where to download that data, and the code that draws the figure.